Over-the-Air Image Upgrade

Mynewt OS supports over-the-air image upgrades. This tutorial shows you how to use the newtmgr tool to upgrade an image on a device over BLE communication.

To support over-the-air image upgrade over BLE, a device must be running a Mynewt application that has newtmgr image management over BLE transport enabled. For this tutorial, we use the bleprph application, which includes image management over BLE functionality, on an nRF52-DK board. If you prefer to use a different BLE application, see Enable Newt Manager in any app to enable newtmgr image management over BLE transport support in your application.

Note: Over-the-air upgrade via newtmgr BLE transport is supported on Mac OS and Linux. It is not supported on Windows platforms.

Prerequisites

Ensure that you meet the following prerequisites:

  • Have Internet connectivity to fetch remote Mynewt components.

  • Have a computer that supports Bluetooth to communicate with the board and to build a Mynewt application.

  • Have a Micro-USB cable to connect the board and the computer.

  • Have a Nordic nRF52-DK Development Kit - PCA 10040

  • Install the Segger JLINK software and documentation pack.

  • Install the newt tool and toolchains (See Setup & Get Started).

  • Read the Mynewt OS Concepts section.

  • Read the Secure Bootloader section and understand the Mynewt bootloader concepts.

  • Build and load the bleprph application on to an nRF52-DK board via a serial connection. See BLE Peripheral App.

Reducing the Log Level

You need to build your application with log level set to INFO or lower. The default log level for the bleprph app is set to DEBUG. The extra logging causes the communication to timeout. Perform the following to reduce the log level to INFO, build, and load the application.

$ newt target amend myperiph syscfg="LOG_LEVEL=1"
$ newt build myperiph
$ newt create-image myperiph 1.0.0
$ newt load myperiph

Upgrading an Image on a Device

Once you have an application with newtmgr image management with BLE transport support running on a device, you can use the newtmgr tool to upgrade an image over-the-air.

You must perform the following steps to upgrade an image:

Step 1: Create a newtmgr connection profile to communicate with the device over BLE. Step 2: Upload the image to the secondary slot (slot 1) on the device. Step 3: Test the image. Step 4: Confirm and make the image permanent.

See the Secure Bootloader section for more information on the bootloader, image slots, and boot states.

Step 1: Creating a Newtmgr Connection Profile

The bleprph application sets and advertises nimble-bleprph as its bluetooth device address. Run the newtmgr conn add command to create a newtmgr connection profile that uses this peer address to communicate with the device over BLE:

$ newtmgr conn add mybleprph type=ble connstring="peer_name=nimble-bleprph"
Connection profile mybleprph successfully added

Verify that the newtmgr tool can communicate with the device and check the image status on the device:

$ newtmgr image list -c mybleprph
Images:
 slot=0
    version: 1.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags: active confirmed
    hash: b8d17c77a03b37603cd9f89fdcfe0ba726f8ddff6eac63011dee2e959cc316c2
Split status: N/A (0)

The device only has an image loaded on the primary slot (slot 0). It does not have an image loaded on the secondary slot (slot 1).

Step 2: Uploading an Image to the Device

We create an image with version 2.0.0 for the bleprph application from the myperiph target and upload the new image. You can upload a different image.

$ newt create-image myperiph 2.0.0
App image succesfully generated: ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/myperiph/app/apps/bleprph/bleprph.img

Run the newtmgr image upload command to upload the image:

$ newtmgr image upload -c mybleprph ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/myperiph/app/apps/bleprph/bleprph.img
215
429
642
855
1068
1281

...

125953
126164
126375
126586
126704
Done

The numbers indicate the number of bytes that the newtmgr tool has uploaded.

Verify that the image uploaded to the secondary slot on the device successfully:

$ newtmgr image list -c mybleprph
Images:
 slot=0
    version: 1.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags: active confirmed
    hash: b8d17c77a03b37603cd9f89fdcfe0ba726f8ddff6eac63011dee2e959cc316c2
 slot=1
    version: 2.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags:
    hash: 291ebc02a8c345911c96fdf4e7b9015a843697658fd6b5faa0eb257a23e93682
Split status: N/A (0)

The device now has the uploaded image in the secondary slot (slot 1).

Step 3: Testing the Image

The image is uploaded to the secondary slot but is not yet active. You must run the newtmgr image test command to set the image status to pending and reboot the device. When the device reboots, the bootloader copies this image to the primary slot and runs the image.

$ newtmgr image test -c mybleprph 291ebc02a8c345911c96fdf4e7b9015a843697658fd6b5faa0eb257a23e93682
Images:
 slot=0
    version: 1.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags: active confirmed
    hash: b8d17c77a03b37603cd9f89fdcfe0ba726f8ddff6eac63011dee2e959cc316c2
 slot=1
    version: 2.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags: pending
    hash: 291ebc02a8c345911c96fdf4e7b9015a843697658fd6b5faa0eb257a23e93682
Split status: N/A (0)

The status of the image in the secondary slot is now set to pending.

Power the device OFF and ON and run the newtmgr image list command to check the image status on the device after the reboot:

$ newtmgr image list -c mybleprph
Images:
 slot=0
    version: 2.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags: active
    hash: 291ebc02a8c345911c96fdf4e7b9015a843697658fd6b5faa0eb257a23e93682
 slot=1
    version: 1.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags: confirmed
    hash: b8d17c77a03b37603cd9f89fdcfe0ba726f8ddff6eac63011dee2e959cc316c2
Split status: N/A (0)

The uploaded image is now active and running in the primary slot. The image, however, is not confirmed. The confirmed image is in the secondary slot. On the next reboot, the bootloader reverts to using the confirmed image. It copies the confirmed image to the primary slot and runs the image when the device reboots. You need to confirm and make the uploaded image in the primary slot permanent.

Step 4: Confirming the Image

Run the newtmgr image confirm command to confirm and make the uploaded image permanent. Since the uploaded image is currently the active image, you can confirm the image setup without specifying the image hash value in the command:

$ newtmgr image confirm -c mybleprph
Images:
 slot=0
    version: 2.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags: active confirmed
    hash: 291ebc02a8c345911c96fdf4e7b9015a843697658fd6b5faa0eb257a23e93682
 slot=1
    version: 1.0.0
    bootable: true
    flags:
    hash: b8d17c77a03b37603cd9f89fdcfe0ba726f8ddff6eac63011dee2e959cc316c2
Split status: N/A (0)

The uploaded image is now the active and confirmed image. You have successfully upgraded an image over-the-air.